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Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism (Illustrated and Bundled with Capital Volume One to Volume Four), by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
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The book has an active table of contents for readers to access each chapter of the following titles:
1)Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism – V.I. Lenin
2)Capital Volume One – Karl Marx
3)Capital Volume Two – Karl Marx
4)Capital Volume Three – Karl Marx
5)Capital Volume Four – Karl Marx
Lenin developed and extended Marx theory to a practical level to deliver the first socialistic country Soviets. Lenin made a bold predication in the book “Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism” that capitalism would die after the state of imperialism. In Lenin’s mind, he truly believed and sketched out that socialism would replace capitalism as a new direction of human civilization.
In the spring of 1916, Lenin wrote Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism in Zürich. This thesis pointed out that the merging of banks and industrial cartels gave rise to finance capital, the basis of imperialism and the zenith of capitalism. In pursuing greater profits than the home market can offer, business exports capital, which, in turn, leads to the division of the world, among international, monopolist firms, and to European states colonizing large parts of the world, in support of their businesses. Imperialism, thus, is an advanced stage of capitalism based upon the establishment of monopolies, and upon the exportation of capital (rather than goods), managed with a global financial system, of which colonialism is one feature.
Lenin's arguments appear familiar for globalization today. However, As British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said “He (Lenin) alone could have found the way back to the causeway... The Russian people were left floundering in the bog. Their worst misfortune was his birth... their next worst his death.” Soviets were passed away and socialistic countries based on Marx’s theory and Lenin’s model failed on a global scale.
Karl Marx’s Capital and Lenin’s Imperialism presents their complete views about economic foundation of socialism. These foundational thoughts and views were adapted into the legal systems and policies of socialistic countries that failed in a massive way.
Without any doubt, Capitalism and Free Market are facing many issues and challenges. Many of arguments in the two books by Karl Marx and Lenin appear familiar for globalization happing today. But one thing for sure is that communism and socialism pioneered by Marx and Lenin are not the universal solution to solve the problems and to address issues we are facing today.
Lenin’s solution of building Soviets to address issues of Capitalism is catastrophic to the world. An estimated 70 million people may have died under the soviet regime. The human cost was enormous. Yet despite all this, Lenin’s Soviets are worshipped by millions as a great model by other countries including North Korea and some aged followers in China today.
History is a mirror for us. Reading the books written by Marx and Lenin, we can have a second thought on globalization and our future direction. This can help us avoid paying unnecessary human cost we made in the past by socialistic countries including Soviets and China.
This is a must-read collection to understand the nature of a socialistic country, the thought of communism and socialism, and the globalization view of Marx and Lenin.
- Sales Rank: #627170 in eBooks
- Published on: 2013-02-09
- Released on: 2013-02-09
- Format: Kindle eBook
About the Author
V. I. Lenin (18701924) was a leader of the Russian Revolution and wrote extensively on the issues facing the working-class movement of his time.
Most helpful customer reviews
37 of 41 people found the following review helpful.
"...clarifying the world as it is today."
By Eugen Lepou
This pamphlet by Lenin was first published 90 years ago in the midst of World War I and on the eve of the Russian revolution.
In this work Lenin sets out to achieve two things; first, to give a concise and scientific explanation of the nature of Imperialism and, secondly, to debate the ideas of influential and long time German Social Democratic Party leader Karl Kautsky who, under the pressure of war helped to lead the capitulation of the majority of his party to the side of the German ruling class.
Advocates for social change familiar with arguments on the "left" blaming the cause of the today's ills on various forms of globalisation, - which is meant to represent a more aggressive and rapacious form of imperialism - will find Lenin's polemic against Kautsky invaluable.
Lenin presents a more than convincing case that what we see today is no more than the normal workings of imperialism and therein lays the source of the problem
Taking in Lenin's five principal features of imperialism starting from the first chapters is essential to understanding his discussion with Kautsky near the end of pamphlet. In fact, it goes a long way to clarifying the world as it is today.
19 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Review
By CB
This is the second book I've read by Lenin. This one's short, invective, and theoretically sweet. Could a Marxist ask for more...?
In this book, Lenin is exploring the contradictions inherent in 18th century capitalism, and the resolution capitalism seeks, within its own structures, to resolve the contradiction - or, the negation of the negation - which equals Imperialism. For Lenin, the increased concentration of the means of production, by those who `win' on the `free market' (even if winning means cheating and free market is a misnomer) will rise to a monopoly position. Lenin of course seems spot on about this observation, and this view is now generally accepted, hence trust busting, heavy state regulation, the requirement for too big to fail intervention, etc. Monopoly is a stage of capitalism, we've come to accept it, and Lenin chose to fight against it.
Lenin believes, again rightfully so, that members of an industrial and productive monopoly will begin to sit on the board of directors, intermingle with, and holds strong ties, with monopoly banks, or those that garner profit via `Finance Capital.' Again, this is no surprise today. If you analyze who sits on the board of most of Wall Street's banks, along with GE, Lockheed Martin, Shell, etc, you'll find the same names cropping up. Thus, there is no real democracy in this `free market,' there is influence and oligarchy. A financial oligarchy to be precise.
This oligarch will then be sure to guarantee that finance capital works in its interest, and prevents up-and-comers, from usurping their position, or even damaging their position, as the newest Monopoly Man. Moreover, whereas the Capitalism of Marx's period was obsessed with exporting commodities, once all colonies are fully colonized, and the territory is fully seized by the state, finance capital enters through the back door - hell maybe even the front, sometimes armed (i.e., with the state police, or US military on its side) - to cease exporting commodities, and begin to export capital. Capital will serve as the catalyst for production in the colony, where the colony will begin to do the exporting of raw materials, as backed by finance capital from a hegemon (albeit Lenin doesn't use this term), and ship the resources back to the hegemon, while paying interest on the finance capital lent to it. Thus, Imperialism is what follows successful colonization. Again, check out what the US was doing in Latin America after WWII, and the Middle East now, and it's hard to deny Lenin's claims.
There is a new development though in Capitalism, a negation of imperialism if you will. Now the oligarch doesn't just shift from board to board acting in its own interest, but it shifts from board, to board, to regulation agency, to seat in congress, to cabinet position in the White House, etc, using all these various outlets to act in the interest of monopoly capital. This is now known as the "revolving door" phenomena in Washington. Henry Paulson goes from Goldman Sachs, to Secretary of Treasury, to a private closed door meeting with Wall Street's oligarchy, constantly acting in the interest of finance capital, to name one example. Of course I doubt any of this would surprise Lenin, and it shouldn't surprise anyone else either, only offend them.
14 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
Brief Summary and Contemporary Debate
By P. Kenny
The durability of Lenin's Imperialism no doubt owes as much to the stature of the man as to the accomplishment of the work itself. Lenin drew a distinction between the contemporary (late 18th, early 19th century) imperialism of the European great powers and pre-Capitalist imperialism. "Thus, the beginning of the twentieth century marks the turning point at which the old capitalism gave way to the new, at which the domination of capital in general made way for the domination of finance capital." He argued that monopoly had become the inexorable result of the capitalist system, with the concentration of production into vertically integrated enterprises. Moreover, he argued that the banks had come to play a central role in this new system, "instead of being modest intermediaries they become powerful monopolies having at their command almost the whole of the money capital of all the capitalists...". The financiers and the industrialists had now fused into a complex in which the means of production were socialized but the profits remained private.
This pattern of capitalist development within the state, Lenin argued, was also repeated at the international level. "The supremacy of finance capital over all other forms of capital means the rule of the rentier and of the financial oligarchy; it means the crystallization of a small number of financially "powerful" states from among all the rest." This system was predicated on the export of capital by the great imperialist nations, especially Britain. As financiers in the metropolis sought ever-higher returns, they exported capital across the empire, maintaining peripheral states in subjugation via a system of debenture. Moreover, as the imperialist nations of Western Europe had finally carved up the known world into their respective spheres of interest, the only means by which an imperial power could expand its domain was at the expense of another. Indeed, this is one of the frequently cited explanations for the outbreak of WWI.
What insight does Lenin's work provide for us in the contemporary world? While contemporary Marxists remain enthusiastic about the notion of a periphery of nations held in subjugation by a neo-imperialist center (e.g. Noam Chomsky, (2003), Hegemony or Survival: America's Quest for Global Dominance, Metropolitan Books), America's categorical shift from creditor to debtor nation represents an awkward empirical anomaly for this theory. However, one does not have to adopt a socialist perspective to be critical of empire; the liberal critique is well presented in the work of Jennifer Pitts (2005) A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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